STUDI EVALUASI STABILITAS DAN KESELAMATAN FAST PASSENGER BOAT BERDASARKAN KONDISI PERUBAHAN MUATAN

Abstract

Ship stability is a critical factor in ensuring the safety and performance of passenger vessels during marine operations. This study aims to analyze the effect of different loading Conditions on the stability characteristics of a high-speed passenger ferry under five scenarios: Lightship, Departure Full PAX, Arrival Full PAX, Departure No PAX, and Arrival No PAX. The analysis was conducted using hydrostatic principles and righting arm (GZ) curves to obtain key stability parameters such as metacentric height (GM), maximum righting arm (GZmax), maximum heel angle (θmax), and the area under the GZ curve. The methodology involved calculating the ship’s hydrostatic data, center of gravity position (KG), and load distribution for each Condition. GM values were determined from the relationship between the metacentric height (KM) and KG, while the GZ curve was analyzed up to 90° to evaluate dynamic stability. The results indicate that the Lightship Condition provides the highest stability, with GM = 6.721 m and GZmax = 0.52 m at 30°, representing optimal restoring capability. In contrast, the Departure Full PAX Condition is the most critical, with GM = 2.313 m and GZmax = 0.12 m at 26°, showing a significant reduction in restoring moment due to the elevated center of gravity caused by passenger and fuel load on the upper decks. The Departure No PAX and Arrival No PAX Conditions demonstrate strong stability, with GZ areas exceeding the safety threshold set by the International Code on Intact Stability. Overall, all operating Conditions satisfy the IMO and SOLAS stability criteria, although a notable reduction in stability occurs during Full loading Conditions. Therefore, maintaining balanced passenger distribution, limiting deck loads, and implementing regular stability monitoring systems are recommended to ensure safe and efficient vessel operation.