EVALUASI CACAT PERMUKAAN SAMBUNGAN LAS SMAW PADA POSISI 1F, 2F, 4F, DAN 5F MENGGUNAKAN LIQUID PENETRANT TEST BERDASARKAN STANDAR ASME SECTION V

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the quality of fillet weld joints produced by the shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) process in positions 1F, 2F, 4F, and 5F using the liquid penetrant test (PT) method in accordance with ASME Section V Article 6, with reference to the acceptance criteria of ASME Section IX. The research method employed is a descriptive quantitative experimental approach on low-carbon steel specimens. The testing was conducted to identify surface defects such as undercut, porosity, spatter, underfill, and incomplete fusion. The results indicate that weld joints in positions 1F and 2F are classified as acceptable because only minor defects such as undercut and spatter were found, remaining within the allowable tolerance limits of the standard. In position 5F, undercut indications were also observed at several locations; however, they still met the acceptance criteria. In contrast, position 4F exhibited undercut, underfill, and incomplete fusion defects that exceeded the allowable limits and were therefore classified as rejected. These findings demonstrate that variations in welding position significantly affect weld joint quality. In conclusion, proper control of welding parameters and compliance with applicable standards are critical in determining the quality and reliability of SMAW weld joints in construction applications. This study is expected to serve as a reference for improving NDT inspection quality in the welding industry and enhancing the safety and reliability of weld-based structures in modern construction practices on a sustainable global scale.