Water Booster Pump Monitoring System Using Pressure Sensor Based on Internet of Things (IoT

Abstract

A water distribution system requires accurate pressure monitoring to ensure efficient pump operation. 
Conventional manual monitoring is prone to delayed fault detection, human error, and limited accessibility, which 
can lead to pipe damage, reduced efficiency, and system failure. This study proposes an Internet of Things (IoT)
based monitoring system using a water pressure sensor and the PZEM-004T module to measure voltage, current, 
power, frequency, and power factor in real time. The system hardware includes a NodeMCU ESP8266 as the 
controller, a water pressure sensor, PZEM-004T V3, a 20x4 LCD, and a Bolt Slim Huawei E5372 WiFi modem. 
The software is developed using Arduino IDE to manage communication between components and integrate with 
the Android-based Blynk application. Testing was conducted under various faucet opening conditions to observe 
responses to pressure changes and pump electrical load. Results show data transmission to Blynk with an average 
delay of ±1.3 seconds. Voltage error was below 5%, current error reached 50% at low loads, and the highest 
power deviation was 14.8% when the faucet was partially open. Measured pressure ranged from 1.2 bar (closed) 
to 0.16 bar (fully open), with a power factor between 0.94 and 1.00. The system supports reliable remote 
monitoring and early warning of pressure anomalies.