Rice Quality Identification Built on Indonesian Food Standards Based on Electronic Nose using Naïve Bayes Algorithm

Abstract

Rice is a staple food in Indonesia, where its quality is regulated by the National Food Standards outlined in National Food Agency Regulation No. 2 of 2023 on Rice Quality and Labeling Requirements. Rice is classified into four grades: premium, medium 1, medium 2, and medium 3. The widespread practice of mislabeling lower-quality rice as a premium through repackaging highlights the critical need for quality control measures. An electronic nose (e-nose) is a reliable device for food quality control. Previous studies have demonstrated its ability to classify rice into two quality grades with 80% accuracy. This study uses exponential data transformation and the Naive Bayes algorithm to enhance the classification accuracy for four rice quality grades according to national standards. The methodology includes signal acquisition, feature extraction using statistical parameters, exponential data transformation, classification, and performance evaluation. The results show that exponential data transformation improves classification accuracy to 97%. This technology can be implemented for automated quality control in milling facilities, storage warehouses, and distribution centres, ensuring consistent rice quality while enhancing supply chain efficiency. The e-nose-based model offers a fast and reliable solution, minimising reliance on human operators.